Detailed explanation of each sensor and why it matters.
This project uses a multi-parameter soil sensor with ESP32, RS485 communication, relay control, LCD display, pump control, fan control, and website monitoring.
Soil moisture shows water level around roots and helps avoid under-watering and over-watering.
Soil temperature affects root activity, plant stress, and nutrient movement.
Electrical conductivity estimates nutrient and salt strength inside the soil solution.
pH shows whether soil is acidic or alkaline, and this directly affects nutrient availability.
Nitrogen supports green growth and leaf development.
Phosphorus supports roots, energy transfer, and early growth.
Potassium supports stress tolerance, plant balance, and stronger growth.
Salinity helps detect salt buildup that can disturb water uptake by roots.
RS485 with Modbus provides stronger and more reliable field communication.
The project connects sensor reading, control actions, LCD display, and website visibility.